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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal imbalance that primarily affects women during their reproductive years. Research suggests that about one in five young women in India are impacted by this condition. PCOS results from an imbalance in hormones, which disrupts normal ovarian function. Normally, the ovaries release a matured egg each month as part of a regular menstrual cycle. However, in women with PCOS, the egg may not fully mature or may not be released during ovulation, leading to irregular cycles. While PCOS is one of the main causes of infertility, it can be effectively managed with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS medication)

Causes of PCOS

The exact PCOS causes remain unknown, but experts suggest it may result from a combination of factors, including:

  • Genetics and Family History: Women with a family history of PCOS have an increased risk of developing the condition. Approximately one-third of women with PCOS have a close family member, such as a mother, sister, aunt, or daughter, who is also affected by it.
  • 2. Hormonal Imbalances: Hormonal imbalances can contribute to PCOS. These include high levels of luteinising hormone (LH) or testosterone and low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Such imbalances interfere with normal ovarian function, disrupting the regularity of ovulation.
  • 3. Insulin Resistance: Approximately 65-70% of women with PCOS experience insulin resistance, which causes higher insulin levels. Elevated insulin levels trigger the ovaries to produce more male hormones, further disrupting ovulation.
  • 4. Chronic Inflammation: Women with PCOS often experience chronic inflammation, which can lead to increased androgen production and worsen the symptoms of PCOS.

Symptoms of PCOS

PCOS symptoms can vary significantly between individuals and may change over time. Common PCOS symptoms include:

  • Irregular, heavy, or absent periods
  • Ovaries that may become enlarged or contain multiple small cysts
  • Difficulty conceiving due to infertility
  • Acne or excessively oily skin
  • Excessive hair growth on the body or face (hirsutism)
  • Male-pattern baldness or thinning hair
  • Dark or thickened patches of skin under the arms, on the back of the neck, or beneath the breasts
  • Small skin tags may appear around the neck or armpits
  • Significant weight gain, especially around the belly

How is PCOS Diagnosed?

Diagnosing PCOS requires a comprehensive evaluation since no single test can confirm the condition. The diagnostic process typically includes:

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Assessment of Medical History

A detailed discussion of symptoms, menstrual cycle patterns, and family health history helps identify potential risk factors.

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Physical Examination

This involves assessing visible signs such as acne, excess hair growth, weight distribution, and discoloured skin.

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Blood Tests

Hormonal blood tests measure androgen levels and exclude other conditions, such as thyroid dysfunction.

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Pelvic Ultrasound

An ultrasound uses sound waves to assess the ovaries for cysts and evaluate the thickness of the endometrium (uterine lining).

Healthcare providers often use the modern Rotterdam criteria to diagnose PCOS causes. The presence of at least two out of three criteria confirms the diagnosis: clinical or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism, irregular ovulation, or polycystic-appearing ovaries. The diagnosis is confirmed only after other potential conditions are ruled out.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS causes)

Complications of Untreated PCOS

If left untreated, PCOS symptoms can lead to several long-term health complications, including:

  • Infertility
  • Sleep apnea
  • Type 2 diabetes
  • High blood pressure
  • Heart and blood vessel problems
  • Uterine cancer

Treatment Options for PCOS

Although PCOS cannot be fully cured, several PCOS treatment options can help manage the symptoms:
  • Lifestyle Modifications: Following a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and losing weight, particularly around the abdomen, can significantly reduce PCOS symptoms and related health risks.
  • Hormonal Therapies: Birth control pills are commonly prescribed to regulate menstrual cycles and reduce androgen levels. They also assist in managing symptoms such as acne and excessive hair growth.
  • Insulin-sensitising Medications: PCOS medications like metformin improve the body’s response to insulin. This helps regulate blood sugar levels and combat insulin resistance.
  • Anti-androgen Medications: These medications reduce the production or activity of male hormones, helping to manage symptoms like acne, excess hair growth, and high androgen levels.
  • Ovulation Induction: Certain medications are used to stimulate ovulation, often addressing infertility caused by irregular or absent ovulation.

Treatment Process for PCOS at KHPL

At Dr Kamaraj Hospital and Aakash Fertility Centre, we follow a comprehensive, patient-centered approach to managing PCOS.

Step 1: Comprehensive Evaluation

We conduct thorough assessments, including a detailed review of medical history, physical examinations, and advanced diagnostic tests, to confirm the diagnosis of PCOS.

Step 2: Personalised Treatment Plan

Based on the evaluation results, our doctors develop a customised treatment plan to manage your PCOS symptoms.

Step 3: Ongoing Monitoring and Support

We provide consistent monitoring to track treatment progress. Dr Kamaraj and his team ensure continuous support throughout the treatment, focusing on symptom relief and long-term health improvements.

Why choose Us?

  • At Dr Kamaraj Hospital for Men’s Health and Wellness and Aakash Fertility Centre, we specialise in diagnosing and treating PCOS symptoms.
  • Our personalised approach addresses each patient's unique medical needs and goals, including weight loss, fertility, and overall health improvement.
  • Dr. Jeyarani & her team are dedicated to developing a comprehensive treatment plan tailored to each individual and offering continuous support throughout the treatment process to ensure the best possible outcomes.
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Explore FAQs

FAQ

What is the main cause of PCOS?

The exact PCOS causes remain unclear. However, experts suggest that it results from a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.

While PCOS cannot be completely cured, its symptoms can be effectively managed with medications, lifestyle changes, and other PCOS treatment options.

Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome can conceive, but it may take longer for them to get pregnant, and they are more likely to need fertility treatments compared to women without the condition.

While irregular periods are common PCOS symptoms, other conditions like thyroid disorders and stress can also cause menstrual irregularities.

Meet Our Doctor

Infertility Specialist Dr. J S Jeyarani Kamaraj

Dr. J. S. Jeyarani Kamaraj

Infertility Specialist

MBBS degree and advanced qualifications in obstetrics and genecology, including an MD and a Diploma in Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGO)
Best Cosmetic Gynecologist in Chennai Dr. Niveditha

Dr. Niveditha KJ

Cosmetic Gynecologist

MBBS, MS in Obstetrics & Gynaecology, FMAS, and Diploma in Reproductive Medicine (Germany)